Trailer and method for transporting peracetic acid

ABSTRACT

A trailer for transporting a liquid mixture having at least about 5% peracetic acid by weight includes a stainless steel tank having an external spill containment enclosure and a predetermined maximum allowable working pressure. One or more pressure relief valves are included in a wall of the tank within the external spill containment enclosure and configured to provide pressure relief to the tank at a pressure of between about 20%-50% of the maximum working pressure of the tank, thereby preventing over-pressurization of a reactive and decomposing fluid during a fire event. Wheels and a kingpin are affixed to the tank to enable transportation over public roadways.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.14/019,696, filed Sep. 6, 2013, which claims the benefit of the filingdate of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/726,297, which was filedNov. 14, 2012. The entire content of these applications is herebyincorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The field of the present invention is vessels used for and methods oftransporting peracetic acid.

2. Background

Hazardous materials in the liquid state are often transported instainless steel containers, particularly 316 stainless, becausestainless steel is inert to many such hazardous materials. TheDepartment of Transportation (DOT) regulates all such shipments toensure public roadway safety, and the type of regulatory restrictionsvary depending upon the hazardous nature of the liquid beingtransported.

For example, 49 C.F.R. 173.225 sets forth packaging requirements fororganic peroxides, and indicates that a DOT-412 cargo tank may be usedfor transporting certain organic peroxides. The DOT-412 cargo tank has anominal capacity of 5000 gallons, and is constructed according to therequirements set forth in 37 CFR 178.320, 178.345, and 178.348, thedesign specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety. However, the DOT-412 cargo tank is not authorized fortransporting peracetic acid, as this Type F organic peroxide, ID No. UN3109 (as listed in 37 C.F.R. 172.101) is limited to a bulk containershaving a capacity of up to 1,500 liters (396 gallons).

Requirements for the DOT-412 cargo tank include a 316 stainless steelcontainer having a maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of not morethan 40 psig and a resealable pressure relief system. According toregulations, the pressure relief system on a DOT-412 cargo tank is tohave a set pressure to provide pressure relief at between 120%-132% ofthe MAWP and a minimum venting capacity based upon the exposed area ofthe cargo tank, which is typically provided by one 3″ reclosing pressurerelief valve. The intent of these regulations is to equip the DOT-412cargo tank with a sufficient size and quantity of pressure reliefdevices so that an increase in pressure of the cargo tank, whether dueto a self-accelerating decomposition or fire engulfment, would notresult in a rupture of the cargo tank.

The DOT can make exceptions to the regulations for the transport ofhazardous materials over public roadways on a case-by-case basis. As oneexample, Azko Nobel Polymer Chemicals, LLC, of Chicago, Ill., hasobtained an exemption for the transport of two types of Type F liquidorganic peroxides, ID Nos. UN3109 and UN3119, both in Packing Group II,in a modified DOT-412 cargo tank. The modifications leading to approvalof this special permit by the DOT include installation of six 12″diameter non-reclosing pressure relief devices (in the form of rupturediscs) as a single unit without being installed in series with areclosing pressure relief device.

Due to the hazardous nature of the organic peroxide subject to the Azkoexemption, which is more reactive than peracetic acid, which is also aType F liquid organic peroxide, ID No. UN3109, Packing Group II, and theincreased risk of decomposition event if transferred in a standardDOT-412 cargo tank, the solution arrived at for the Azko special permitwas to increase the overall pressure relief area to about 340 in².Although peracetic acid would not likely require as much pressure reliefarea as specified in the Azko special permit, a significantly largepressure relief area would be required. In view of the large pressurerelief area required, a different solution has been sought for a cargotank to transport peracetic acid, one which could also be implemented bymodifying a DOT-412 cargo tank, and one which would also meet the DOTgoals of having pressure relief devices of a sufficient size andquantity so that an increase in pressure of the cargo tank, whether dueto a self-accelerating decomposition or fire engulfment, would notresult in a rupture of the cargo tank.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed toward a trailer and a method ordesign tactic for transporting a liquid mixture having at least about 5%peracetic acid by weight. A stainless steel tank has an external spillcontainment enclosure and a predetermined maximum allowable workingpressure. Wheels and a kingpin are affixed to the tank. One or morepressure relief valves are included in the wall of the tank within thespill containment enclosure, wherein the one or more pressure reliefvalves are configured to provide pressure relief to the tank at apressure of between about 20%-50% of the maximum allowable workingpressure of the tank. Preferably, the pressure relief valves areconfigured to prevent internal pressure within the tank from exceeding amaximum pressure during a decomposition event or fire engulfment,thereby preventing over-pressurization of a reactive and decomposingfluid during a fire event. The pressure relief valves may have apressure relief area greater or equal to 11.94 in², and they may beconfigured to provide pressure relief when a pressure inside the tankexceeds about 10 psig. Other combinations of set pressures and pressurerelief areas may also be used. With such a trailer provided, the tankmay be filled with a liquid mixture having at least about 5% peraceticacid by weight and transported over public roadways.

Accordingly, an improved trailer and method for transporting peraceticacid are disclosed. Advantages of the improvements will be apparent fromthe drawings and the description of the preferred embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to similarcomponents:

FIG. 1 illustrates a trailer configured to transport peracetic acid;

FIG. 2 illustrates pressure relief valves for the trailer of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates additional valves and returns for the trailer of FIG.1;

FIG. 4 is a partial top elevation view of the trailer of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 5 is a rear view of the trailer of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Turning in detail to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a trailer 100configured for transporting a liquid mixture (shown implicitly insidethe tank) having at least about 5% peracetic acid by weight. Althoughmany different concentrations of peracetic acid may be transported usingthe trailer, the ensuing description will discuss the trailer in thecontext of transporting UN3109, nominal 15% peracetic acid/10% hydrogenperoxide (referred to as PAA below), which is a liquid organic peroxideof Type F, in Product Group II.

The trailer 100 has a stainless steel tank 102, to which is affixed dualaxels 104 and associated wheels 106, and a kingpin 108 for securing thetrailer 100 to a motorized rig (not shown) for transportation overpublic roadways. Except for the modifications described below, thetrailer is constructed in conformance with the DOT-412 cargo tankrequirements of set forth in 37 CFR 178.320, 178.345, and 178.348. Thus,the trailer may be constructed new with modifications to themanufacturing specifications, or it may be constructed by modifying anexisting DOT-412 cargo tank. Following are the modifications made to anexisting DOT-412 cargo tank to obtain the trailer 100 depicted in thefigures.

The existing pressure relief valve (or rupture disk on older cargotanks) of a standard DOT-412 cargo tank is removed, as is the ceramicbreather vent. Two recloseable 4″ diameter pressure relief valves 110are installed in the side wall of the tank 102, as shown in FIG. 2. Thetwo pressure relief valves 110 preferably conform with applicable DOTrequirements under 37 CFR 178.345, and they have set pressure of 10psig. They also provide a total pressure relief area of 13.65 in². Anexternal spill containment enclosure 112 is placed on the outside of thetank 102 around the two pressure relief valves 110. This enclosure 112prevents release of PAA onto the roadway in the event the pressurerelief valves 110 activate in transit. Moreover, the combination of thepressure relief valves 110 and the enclosure 112 are anticipated tosignificantly contain discharge of PAA into the environment, even in theevent of a rollover, thereby preventing over-pressurization of areactive and decomposing fluid during a fire event. The enclosure 112may also include internal splash baffles (not shown) to minimize PAAentrainment if/when the pressure relief valves 110 activate.

It has been determined that with PAA in a transport container, theinternal pressure of the container will generally be in the range ofabout 5 psig to 10 psig during transit. The 10 psig set pressure of thepressure relief valve, or valves, is therefore sufficient to prevent PAAleakage during normal transport conditions. Further, throughexperimentation, it has been determined that with a set pressure of 10psig, a total pressure relief area of 11.94 in² is sufficient to preventinternal pressure within the tank from exceeding the maximum tankpressure during a decomposition event or fire engulfment. Specifically,for PAA, the self-accelerating decomposition temperature in a DOT-412cargo tank has been calculated to be 61° C. Liquids with lower amountsof peracetic acid are anticipated to have a higher self-acceleratingdecomposition temperature. With the two recloseable 4″ diameter pressurerelief valves 110 installed, it has been calculated that tankpressurization would be limited to no more than 42.2 psig during adecomposition event or fire engulfment.

At a set pressure of 44 psig, the calculated pressure relief area is20.5 in² for PAA in a DOT-412 cargo tank. Although calculations ofpressure relief area have not been performed for other set pressures, itis anticipated that the relationship between set pressure and pressurerelief area is somewhat close to being linear for PAA in a DOT-412 cargotank. Therefore, even with these two data points (10 psig, 44 psig), thecalculations show that PAA can be contained, and internal pressurewithin the tank can be prevented from exceeding the maximum pressure ofthe tank during a decomposition event or fire engulfment, even whenpressure relief valves having a pressure of 50% or less of the MWAP ofthe tank are used.

A quick connect coupling 114 and a valve 116 are added to the tank 102within the enclosure 112, as shown in FIG. 3, along with a vapor return118. The quick connect coupling 114 and the valve 116 enable the tank tobe filled with PAA, and the vapor return 118 provides a vapor outletfrom a storage tank into which the PAA is unloaded.

The tank 102 is also fitted with a manual bleed-off valve 120 within theenclosure 112, as shown in FIGS. 3 & 4. This bleed-off valve 120 enablesthe internal tank pressure to be vented prior to offloading. Inaddition, the bleed-off valve 120 may be equipped with a suitablecapture device to minimize operator exposure to PAA fumes when the tankis vented.

Gauges (not shown in the figures) to monitor the internal pressure,temperature, and level of the tank should be added to the trailer. Thefirst two gauges enable the operator to monitor the internal pressureand temperature of the tank during transit, and the level gauge allowsthe operator to determine when loading and unloading operations arecompleted, since due to the hazardous nature of PAA, visual inspectionof the tank is not an option.

As shown in FIG. 5, a valve 122 is installed at the top of the dip pipe124, through which PAA is drawn by the unloading pump not shown. Asecond spill containment enclosure 126 may be constructed about thevalve 122 at the rear of the trailer. A small pressure relief valve (notshown) may also be installed Immediately upstream of the valve 122 toprevent PAA from being trapped during unloading, and a locking venteddust cap (not shown) may be installed at the discharge of the unloadingpump. These additions to the inlet and discharge of the unloading pump,while optional, are intended to provide additional protection againstsiphoning of PAA through the trailer discharge line during transit, inthe event that the valve 122 is left open or fails in the open position.

Finally, the discharge of the existing siphon break (not shown) on theunloading line is routed back to vapor space within the tank to preventrelease of PAA into the environment in the event the siphon valve isleft open.

By making the above modifications to the standard DOT-412 cargo tank, itis anticipated that PAA may be transported safely in greater quantitiesthan the presently-allowed 1,500 liters (396 gallons) maximum. Thetransport of greater quantities would allow greater demands for PAA tobe met. For example, PAA is being used increasingly as a microbialcontrol agent by direct applications on meats, in asceptic packaging,and in oil and gas field applications. The bulk transportation of PAAalso means less handling of the hazardous material during filling,transportation, and offloading. Finally, it is anticipated that theproposed modified DOT-412 cargo tank would be as safe, or safer, thancontainers which meet current regulations.

Thus, a trailer and method for transporting peracetic acid aredisclosed. While embodiments of this invention have been shown anddescribed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that manymore modifications are possible without departing from the inventiveconcepts herein. The invention, therefore, is not to be restrictedexcept in the spirit of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for transporting a liquid mixturehaving at least 5% peracetic acid by weight, the apparatus comprising: astainless steel tank having an external spill containment enclosure anda predetermined maximum allowable working pressure associated with thestainless steel tank; one or more pressure relief valves included in awall of the tank within the external spill containment enclosure,wherein the one or more pressure relief valves are configured to providepressure relief to the tank at a pressure between 20% and 50% of themaximum allowable working pressure of the stainless steel tank andwherein the one or more pressure relief valves are reclosing pressurerelief valves, and wherein the one or more reclosing pressure reliefvalves are configured to provide pressure relief when an internalpressure inside the stainless steel tank exceeds 10 psig, and wherein arelief area of the one or more reclosing pressure relief valves isconfigured to prevent the internal pressure within the stainless steeltank from exceeding a maximum pressure associated with the stainlesssteel tank during a decomposition event.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the maximum allowable working pressure is about 40 psig.
 3. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reclosing pressure reliefvalves have a combined relief area greater or equal to 11.94 in².
 4. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein a relief area of the one or more reclosingpressure relief valves are configured to prevent the internal pressurewithin the stainless steel tank from exceeding the maximum pressureduring fire engulfment.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one ormore reclosing pressure relief valves includes two 4″ diameter reclosingpressure relief valves, each configured to provide pressure relief tothe stainless steel tank at 10 psig.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the configuration of the one or more reclosing pressure reliefvalves is sufficient to prevent peracetic acid leakage.
 7. The apparatusof claim 1, further comprising a trailer, the stainless steel tankaffixed to the trailer.
 8. A combination comprising: a liquid mixturehaving at least about 5% peracetic acid by weight; and a stainless steeltank: the stainless steel tank having an external spill containmentenclosure and a predetermined maximum allowable working pressureassociated with the stainless steel tank; one or more pressure reliefvalves included in a wall of the stainless steel tank within theexternal spill containment enclosure, wherein the one or more pressurerelief valves are configured to provide pressure relief to the stainlesssteel tank at a pressure between 20% and 50% of the maximum allowableworking pressure of the stainless steel tank and wherein the one or morepressure relief valves are reclosing pressure relief valves, wherein theone or more reclosing pressure relief valves are configured to providepressure relief when an internal pressure inside the stainless steeltank exceeds 10 psig and wherein a relief area of the one or morereclosing pressure relief valves are configured to prevent the internalpressure within the stainless steel tank from exceeding a maximumpressure associated with the stainless steel tank during a decompositionevent and wheels.
 9. The combination of claim 8, wherein the maximumallowable working pressure is about 40 psig.
 10. The combination ofclaim 8, wherein the one or more reclosing pressure relief valves have acombined relief area greater or equal to 11.94 in².
 11. The combinationof claim 8, wherein a relief area of the one or more reclosing pressurerelief valves are configured to prevent internal pressure within thestainless steel tank from exceeding the maximum pressure during fireengulfment.
 12. The combination of claim 8, wherein the one or morereclosing pressure relief valves includes two 4″ diameter pressurerelief valves, each configured to provide pressure relief to thestainless steel tank at 10 psig.
 13. The combination of claim 8, whereinthe configuration of the one or more reclosing pressure relief valves issufficient to prevent peracetic acid leakage.
 14. The combination ofclaim 8, further comprising a trailer, the stainless steel tank affixedto the trailer.
 15. A stainless steel tank for transporting and storinga liquid mixture having at least about 5% peracetic acid by weight, thestainless steel tank comprising: an external spill containment enclosureand a predetermined maximum allowable working pressure associated withthe stainless steel tank; one or more pressure relief valves included ina wall of the stainless steel tank within the external spill containmentenclosure, wherein the one or more pressure relief valves are configuredto provide pressure relief to the stainless steel tank at a pressurebetween 20% and 50% of the maximum allowable working pressure of thestainless steel tank and wherein the one or more pressure relief valvesare reclosing pressure relief valves, and wherein the one or morereclosing pressure relief valves are configured to provide pressurerelief when an internal pressure inside the stainless steel tank exceedsabout 10 psig, and wherein a relief area of the one or more reclosingpressure relief valves is configured to prevent the internal pressurewithin the stainless steel tank from exceeding a maximum pressure duringa decomposition event; and wherein the enclosure further comprises aquick connect coupling, a vapor return and a manual bleed-off valve. 16.The stainless steel tank of claim 15, further comprising a trailer, thestainless steel tank affixed to the trailer.